A Child Called It By Dave Pelzer :: essays research papers

A Child Called It was about the struggles of a young boy named Dave Pelzer. Dave was put through hard times and at some point lost hope in his dreams and doubted the humanity of mankind, but in the end because of his strong will he was able to overcome his problems and make a better life for himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Dave was younger him and his brothers, Ronald and Stan were happy in a normal family with a loving mom and dad, but as years passed things started to change. Dave’s parents became alcoholics. His father never came home and his mother had lost her brightness and love of life, resorting to alcohol to get through the day. She became miserable to live with. Although she became mean to the kids she focused her anger on Dave. At first she would pit his brothers against him or make him do many chores, but soon her meanness turned to hatred towards Dave.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To her Dave was now just a slave and an â€Å"it† she referred to him as â€Å"the boy†. Although sometimes Dave’s father would try to help him or defend him in arguments he would always give in to Dave’s mother. At a young age Dave had to learn how to play games with his mother as a sort of survival tactic to stay alive in his household. Besides telling her child that she hated him and wished him dead Dave’s mother put him through tremendous physical pain and abuse. From a young child till the fifth grade Dave Pelzer had been made to sleep away from the family in the basement in a small army cot. He was starved for days and days on end. His mother longed for any time to severely beat him, it made her day, she would think of morbid things all day to do to him when he got home from school. Among many other things, Dave Pelzer was; stabbed, made to drink ammonia, bleach, and dishwashing detergent, made to sit in a bathroom for hours with many chemicals creating a small gas chamber, put in freezing cold water for hours with just his nose sticking out of the tub, burnt on an open fire on the stove, and made to eat his little brother’s dirty diaper. These were only some of the torturous things his mother could think of to do to her little boy.

Nazi :: essays research papers fc

Sitting on an operating table, deep inside the corridors of Azchwitz concentration camp, a man is listening to the Nazi gun fire outside. He hears the innocent screams as automatic weapons mow through crowds of families deemed "unfit to live". Gradually silence falls, only to be broken again by the solitary pops of a pistol, finishing of those who did not die right off. It should be a sickening feeling for this man, he should feel anger and hate, and sadness for these newest additions to the Nazi stoves. But this man can no longer feel such sadness, such grief. Instead he feels only jealousy, jealousy for those who had died quickly, with a bullet to the brain or the heart. No doubt, considering what he's been through, and what he will go through still, he considers the others to be the lucky ones. They will not boil. They will not freeze. They will not be diseased or hacked apart. They will not have their heads explode in a pressurised chamber. They were the lucky ones, not chosen to act as guinea pigs to further science by dying a slow painful death at the hands of the most gruesome members of the Nazi party, the "Nazi Doctors". When World War two ended in 1945, over eleven thousand people had been exterminated(p4 Freidman) in the Nazis' effort to "racially purify" Germany and its' territories. It seemed tat the vast majority of these killings had taken place in concentration camps, by releasing Zyklon-B(p68 Guthman) in gas chambers disguised as showers. As the allies began holding the first war criminal trials, however, it was quickly seen that a secret, genocide far more hideous than was previously suspected, had taken place. Worse still, the killers were not radical soldiers, but respected members of the German scientificand Medical community. The German government had given the "Doctors of death" (p34, Gilbert) endless supplies of subjects to experiment on in any way they pleased. Some experiments were to benefit the army. They included high altitude tests, as well as the bodies reactions to freezing temperatures.(p2, Net) Other experiments were called for by the nazis themselves, such as tests in genetic traits, mind controlling drugs and mass sterilization.(p3-5, Net) There were medicine tests and more commonly, tests using diseases without any known cures. The most gruesome tests however, were fabricated in the twisted minds of the doctors themselves and are famous for their void of any purposes at all. The high altitude tests were experiments initiated by the nazi government and followed closely by Heinrich Himmler.(p36, Gilbert) The experiments were conducted in a low pressure chamber that could simulate flight up to 68,000 feet above sea level.

Fast Food vs Organic Essay

Have you ever sat and back and wondered why there are so many obese people in the U. S.? You would think that with all of the buzz about organic foods that we have available, that we would slowly be getting better with our weight as a country. Unfortunately the reality of the situation is organic food are expensive and with the way the economy is today many people are working on a budget and simply cannot afford to splurge on the organic items. So now that we know that lets look at the second half of that equation, Fast Food! Now as much as people criticize the fast food industry it’s convenient and like the name says fast. Now days most people do not want to come home after a long, hard day of work and slave over the stove to cook a hot meal for their family. However what they don’t realize is how much that food is poisoning us. Take McDonalds for example, it has been brought to the public’s attention just what goes on when they are making their food. The food looks like food that you would make in your kitchen, but it is actually manufactured. French fries use to be made by potatoes peeled in the back room and cut into strips. Today they are made in large factories, frozen and processed. Some of the ingredients are very fatty. Even though they have said that they â€Å"were† injecting the chicken nuggets with a pink dye, people are still running to the franchise for their food. I am not judging anyone by any means just stating my observations. Now if you think about it most families probably spend about $100 a week on fast food. Why would so people spend so much money on fast food you ask? Its simple it’s easy, and it’s convenient and inexpensive. Compared to other foods it’s something that working people and ordinary people can go out and enjoy. The design of a fast food restaurant is very well thought out. We form our eating habits as children so they try to nurture clients as youngsters. It’s very important that the fast food companies make sure that their fast food meals for children are healthier. In contrast the benefits of eating organic foods are great and if you can afford them should definitely take advantage of them. The are good for both the earth and the environment. The animals are living stress-free, free-grazing on the land and not being manufactured in deplorable living conditions. Organic farmers use less energy, less water resources, and NO pesticides. Organic farmers’ soil stays rich in content, moisture and nutrients due to careful management of land and using only natural organic matter to grow their crops. When industrialized agriculture arrives in farming communities, many farmers are forced out of business. Each month dozens of new pesticides, show up in local supermarkets and stores. Because they are advertised heavily are purchased and used and thus the destruction of the earth continues slow and steady. Organic farmers, live cleanly. Free of pesticides and toxins.

Developmental homology between man and animal Essay

According to Owen R (1848) as cited in one of the lecture notes, homology can be defined as the structural similarities found in species. According to him the organisms had a common ancestor hence a common plan was used to create them. For instance, proteins have a universal genetic code in all species. It is believed that the common ancestor had a similar genetic code hence the premise that species such as man and animal had a common ancestor. This has been used in the explanation of why animal and man have some similar physiological processes such as respiration and reproduction. Man and animal have been found to have similar plasma membrane. The plasma membrane has a phospholipids layer that is similar in both species hence strengthening the theory that man and animal have a common ancestry. Man and frog for instance have pentadactyl limbs. These are five digit limbs hence providing physical evidence of this common ancestor. Towels J and Nelson P. (1997), argued that before Darwin came into the picture, homology was morphologically defined using intelligent designs. It is then cited that Darwin modified the homology concept by introducing theories about common ancestry hence making it possible to understand the theory of homologous evolution. It rendered the intelligent design impossible. Acccording to findings found in the textbook Accuracy Society Organization it is argued that before homology came into the picture, the argument about the possibility of species coming from a common ancestor was not even on the table. According to Szarki (1949), Darwin only introduced the basics about homology and then many scientists were able to pick it from there and modify the concepts. According to research carried out by Geosciences Research Institute (1976), Man and animal were related structurally, physiologically, biochemically and embyologically. This is a homologous trait that supports the theory of man and animal originating from a common ancestor. According to an article in â€Å"Was Darwin Right? † website, evolution biologists argued that the homologous theory was the most powerful source of evidence of evolution since 1859. According to Jones E S (2003-2006), differences between man and ape are not explained. Scientists only argue about the issue of common ancestry. Evolution is basically seen as a fact and not a theory. According to information gathered from Agnosticism/atheism article, homologous structures enabled scientists and evolution biologists to trace the evolution tree of different species. Structural similarities The homologous limbs found in man and animal enabled to be classified as animals in general. This illustrated that they originated from a common ancestor hence explaining the homologous evolution theory. This illustrated that the pattern of bones in the hands of man and the wings of the bat were similar but played different roles which went on to confirm the theory of homologous evolution. It is believed that they had to come from the same ancestor for them to show such similarities. A good example is in a family where children look exactly like their parents. Similarity in development of the embryo. The embryos of both man and animal have been found to develop in a similar pathway hence lending weight to the theory of homologous evolution. Physiological pathways Man and animal have been found to share physiological processes hence the argument that they have a common ancestor. According to Fiscer W F, animals have been found to share physiological processes such as cell respiration, the generation of energy, and even the growth process. (p. 372). This argument basically focuses on the day to day physiological processes such as breathing and the generation of energy. Man and animal have structures that have a similar function hence enabling them to breath in a similar manner. It is believed that the breathing process of man and chimpanzee is indistinguishable. This fact is also used to give credence to the theory of homologous evolution. In addition, their growth and reproductive processes are also similar. Both man and animal have different gestation periods but of similar nature. It takes nine months for man to give birth while in some animals like elephants it takes two years to do the same. They share similar reproduction process and it also involves the embryo. Man and animal have been found to have milk glands in their sytem. this explains why after birth they are able to breastfeed their young ones. The young one of man and animals such as cow always suck milk from their mother’s tits. This again points to likelihood of a common ancestry and this gives even more weight to the theory of homologous evolution. These physiological factors are commonly found in man and animals. They also use related metabolic pathways in the process of generating energy. The liver is seen as the organ that plays a role in the production of energy in man and animal. The process of glycolysis takes place in the liver hence leading to the generation of energy. Information gathered on Glycolysis describes it as process that takes place in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. According to research done on Metabolic Pathways, chemical reactions were found to be taking place in cells hence the Biochemical relationship. The structures and functions of the cells found in man and animal are found to be similar. This can be illustrated by the presence of chromosomes which are found in deoxyribonucleic acid in both man and animal. The organism’s structure and functions depend on DNA and is determined by the genetic code located in the DNA molecule. The classification system always put homologous organisms close together. Darwin as cited by Wells J (2000) was able to explain the evolution theory using the homologous trait found in different organisms. Aristotle, as cited by Wells J (2000) had earlier noticed that different organisms had the same similarities in that they performed the same functions. The different organisms had functional similarities. He also noticed the structural similarities between different organisms. The structures had similar patterns but were able to perform different functions. This is described as homologous evolution theory and it is the most preferred theory used in explaining evolution. Similarly, forelimbs of both man and animal have been found to have a similar pattern bone patterns yet they perform different functions. Man uses his hands to grasp things while a bat uses its wings to fly. The wings found in bats and the hands of man have similar bone structure hence explaining the evolution theory efficiently. There also skeletons have similar features. Even if they have structural similarities that perform different functions, they are regarded as warm blooded mammals and they also have the ability to produce milk. All these facts point to the homologous evolution. Man and animals have different external appearances but their forelimbs are found to be homologous. Homolgous trait was thus defined as a trait of different organisms which have a common ancestor. It went on to explain that man and animal were of the same ancestry even if their forelimbs performed different functions. Similarities in strictures between man and animal According to study published by the â€Å"Answers in Genesis† Organization, homology has been used by botanists to describe organisms with similar structures. A good example is the pattern of bones in the forelimbs man and animal are similar but they conduct different functions. Various questions have been raised about the similarities in the pattern of the bones. One of the possible theories is that man and animal do have a common ancestor. The bones found in arms of humans have a similar structural pattern with bone found in the wings, of a bat. This is described as homologous trait even if they serve different functions. These similarities mean that they have a common ancestor hence explaining the developmental homology between man and animal. They even argue that they were created using a common plan hence the similarities in structures. The hand of a human and that of a chimpanzee are classified as homologous structures. Relationship of blood groups in man and animal Darwin as cited by Sohail K suggested that man and animal also have similar behaviors. The children of human beings always play a lot more so when they feel happy and are healthy. The young and healthy animals who feel happy also play a lot and they can seem to fight sometimes. A good example is that illustrated by puppies or kittens. Puppies and kittens are found to be very playful. They both show that they can be able to be happy and enjoy good life and they can be able to play. These common behaviors found in both man and animal further provides evidence of homologous evolution. Animals like humans can also be sad and afraid. This can be illustrated by the way they both react when in danger. Their muscles tremble and the heart beat faster hence the reason why they always flee from danger. Animals also feel sad when they lose a dear member of the family and most take care of the offspring(s) left behind. Darwin as cited by Sohail K suggested that both man and animal had a similar embryo. Similarities in the brain capacity of man and animal was also put into perspective hence further confirming the homologous evolution theory this illustrates that both man and animal share mental functions. These facts illustrate that both man and animal had a common ancestor hence the similarities in structures and behaviours. These traits are only found in organisms that share a common ancestor. Physiological processes Both man and animal share physiological function such as eating, digestion and so forth. They both have to put food through their mouth which is a common trait. According to the article published by Science and Evolution, man and some animals were found to have similar organs in their body. Some of the organs include the liver, appendix, and also the intestines. This illustrates that they were from a common ancestor hence a solid argument about homologous evolution. The liver play a similar role in both man and animal in the process glycolysis. Glycolysis pathway has been found in both man and animal hence further providing evidence of them having a common ancestor in the family tree. The study starts by illustration that homologous structures basically mean similar structures hence very important when it comes to the topic about evolution. Fossils. According to an article on Fossils and Evolution, fossils have been defined as prehistoric remains of organisms. As cited by Gore J. W. P, William, Smith in the 17th century was able to discover that fossils piled in sedimentary rocks in a vertical order in the whole world. This was an important clue in the explanation of the process of evolution. The fossil species were able to appear and disappear in different times. This illustrated that those species used to look for favorable environments in order to survive. They move from unfavorable places to those places tat they could survive. The recovered fossils of both man and animal have been found to be similar in appearances. Some animal’s fossils showed that they had a dental formula similar to those of humans hence providing evidence of homologous evolution in man and animal. The rocks found in the surfaces the earth have been found to be having animal remains. These animal remains have been described as fossils. These fossils have been used to explain and prove that there is a similarity between animal and man. They have been able to use these fossils evidences in order to determine the pattern of evolution. The fossils have been used to explain homologous evolution which suggested that animal and man had similar structures which performed different functions hence shared a common ancestor. According to research findings published in â€Å"All about Creation† article (2002-2008), fossils have been found to be buried in a sequential manner. This enabled the scientists to explain effectively the theory of evolution. Molecular homology According to the study published by the University of Waikato, it was found that living organisms have similar genetic code pointing again to a common ancestor. This evidence can also be used in man and dog. They have the same genetic codes . The bases responsible for molecular homology include are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. These bases are found in man and animals. These bases are able to encode instructions using a chemical language hence making the organisms respond to the instructions such as reproduction. The bases combine hence instructing the cells responsible to use amino acids to manufacture proteins . these manufactured proteins enable the cells to function. Without the proteins the organism has no life in it. The similarities in the genetic codes hence provide evidences of man and dog having a common ancestor. Fossils were used by scientists to prove that organisms changed from time to time. They did this by examining them and trying to determine their ages. This was very important in the study of evolution. They compared the theories of common ancestry, the structural similarities, the biochemical similarities, and the way the organisms developed. They were able to prove that man and animals had a common ancestor even if the organisms changed from time to time. They argued that man and bat had a common ancestor. The forelimbs of man and bat have similar bone patterns hence possible prove of common ancestry. They even used biochemistry to argue illustrate their theories. They singled out cytochrome c, which is a protein found in both man and animal. cytochrome c assists in anaerobic respiration. The similarity in cytochrome c in both man and animal helps in explaining the theory of homologous evolution. It illustrates that man and animal have a common ancestor. Conclusion According to evidence illustrated in this research paper, conclusions can be made regarding the developmental homology in animal and man in relation to evolution. There are similarities in structures in man and animal. These structures do perform different functions but they have similar bone pattern. An example to support the claim is the similar bone pattern in the hands of man and the wings of bat. They have a similar pattern but serve different functions. Man uses hand to grasp while bat uses wings to fly. This illustrates that man and animal have a common ancestor hence supporting the process of homologous evolution in man and animal. They also have similar physiological processes such as reproduction and respiration. Similarities in reproduction can be explained by the similarities in the embryos of man and animal and also by the different gestation periods they have and their ability to produce milk. Man, cow and dog can be able to produce milk for their young ones. This has been seen happening physically when mothers are breastfeeding their babies. Young calves have also been seen sucking tits of cows for milk. Man and cow plus other animals have mammary glands which are responsible for the production of milk. This fact enabled many evolution biologists put their arguments on the table about the possibility of man and animal having a common ancestor and they were able to convince many with their argument. Man and animal are believed to have a single ancestor hence the similarities in some of the characteristics. This makes the theory of them having a common ancestor possible. Man and animal have similar physiological pathways that produce energy and also their breathing pattern is the same. Chromosomes have also been found in the DNA of man and animal hence chromosomal similarities hence high chances of them having a common ancestor. The study has also led to the conclusion that man and animal could be having same blood groups. This is due to detection of A and B antigens in the saliva of horses. Fossils have also been used to explain homologous evolution in man and animal. Different fossils have been discovered with the almost similar formula as that of man. The dental formula of man and dog differ slightly hence the possibility of them having a common ancestor. Man and animal have also been found to have similar behaviours. When still young they play a lot and they are always happy when they enjoy life. both man and animal become sad when hey lose a loved one and the always take the responsibility of taking care of the orphans . these similarities lead to the conclusion that there is a man and animal have a common ancestor. Homologous structures are therefore very important in the illustrations of evolution theory. References Agnosticism/atheism retrieved on December 6, 2008 from http://atheism. about.com/library/glossary/evolution/bldef_analogous. htm All about creation organisation. Fossil Evidence for Evolution retrieved on December 6, 2008 from http://www. allaboutcreation. org/fossil-evidence-for-evolution-faq. htm Brand R (1976). Geoscience Research Institute. Homologies. Retrieved on December 6, 2008 from http://search. bio-medicine. org/more. asp? m=evolution Evolution. Evidences from living organisms retrieved on December 6, 2008 from http://bioweb. cs. earlham. edu/9-12/evolution/HTML/live. html Fischer F. W. P. (1997) Trace element in both animal and man—9. USA. NRC Research

Feminism in Lives of the Saints

Kenneth Tambuwun Ms. Barrow ENG4USB 26 October 2012 Feminism in Lives of the Saints Men and women are expected to be different. In the novel Lives of the Saints by Nino Ricci, gender roles in Italy during the 1960s affect how the characters behave. Characters such as Cristina and Vittorio are affected by living in the patriarchal society of Valle del Sole. Feminist critical theory is observed in Cristina’s strength, her independence and the society she lives in. Feminist terms such as semiotics can be applied to Cristina’s strength and it is seen during the conversations of Cristina in the car after she had been bitten by the snake. Where did it bite †¦ I didn’t think of it† (Ricci 12). Cristina once again did not panic â€Å"My mother let out a sigh†¦ to other people’s nonsense† (Ricci 15). Cristina is strong as her words are calm unlike what women would feel after they are bitten by a snake. Cristina goes against Phallogocentrism t hroughout the novel especially since she is not confined to a regular mother and she can do whatever she wants to unlike most women in the village. Cristina also shows Androgyny. â€Å"The cloth sank into †¦ indifference to pain† (Ricci 13) and â€Å"The story about my own †¦ ad fallen asleep† (Ricci 13). It is clear that the villagers believe that Cristina can bear pain like a man. Cristina’s strength differentiates her from the rest of the women in the story. Cristina is an independent woman as she does not rely on others because when Alfredo offered Cristina the money her husband gave her, she rejected it. â€Å"You think it’s the †¦ need his money† (Ricci 97). After her husband left for America, she raised Vittorio by herself. Moreover, she solves her family’s problem by her own.When Vittorio had a fight and is hurt by Vincenzo, instead of asking for help from her dad or anyone else, Cristina confronted Vincenzo’s h ouse and clarify things up with Maria and Vincenzo. She does not want other’s help at all. When she is offered a luxurious room in the ship by Antonio Darcoangelo, she denied the room. â€Å"It’s kind of you †¦ that kind of luxury† (Ricci 199). Cristina believes that she can survive by herself and prefers to do so without any help. Cristina’s independence goes against what gender roles had put upon women. Patriarchy can be seen throughout the novel.Men are much respected in the village. Vittorio recalls about the memory when Mario hurled a plate towards her mother â€Å"I saw my father †¦ against her cheek† (Ricci 32). Cristina’s husband abused her and yet she did not dare to fight back because men are expected to behave that way. High positions in the village are held by man. Vittorio describes his grandfather as â€Å"My grandfather †¦ since the time of the fascists† (Ricci 2). A male have held the mayor position for a very long time. In addition, men have to work and do all the job whereas women will wait for their husband. â€Å"The men left †¦ geing parents followed† (Ricci 166). Most men of the house are expected to work and find money abroad like Vittorio’s father. Valle del Sole is a society dominated by men. To sum it up, feminism can be repeatedly noticed throughout the novel. Firstly, Cristina goes against the typical women who are afraid of pain. Secondly, Cristina is an independant woman. Last but not least, Valle del Sole itself is a patriarchal society. Gender roles set upon by society causes men and women to be different in one way or another. Works Cited Ricci, Nino. Lives of the Saints. Toronto: Cormorant Books Inc, 2010. Print.

Economic Commentary: Public Good, Market Failure Essay

Paper Edition | Page: 5 Jakarta has long been infamous for its repeated floods, such as those that crippled the capital and all its government and economic activities last week. Over 15,000 people were displaced and the material losses from infrastructure destruction and damage inflicted on personal property have reportedly reached Rp 20 trillion (US$ 2 billion). The devastating impact of the disaster on government activities and public services under the central government’s auspices has revived a debate over the need for the country to move its capital from floodridden Jakarta. Even President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, according to his aides, has considered relocation of the capital, albeit as a last resort, as part of an all-out, comprehensive effort to solve the problems facing Jakarta. With or without major floods, which strike every five or six years, Jakarta can no longer sustain the population burden with all its consequences. The city no longer has space to provide housing to all of its nearly 10 million citizens or build roads for the 6 million cars and motorcycles thronging the capital. This is quite apart from the city’s lack of infrastructure to protect residents from disasters like the annual floods. Jakarta today is typified by frustrating traffic gridlock, slums that encircle high-rise buildings, makeshift huts built along riverbanks, food stalls and groceries that occupy sidewalks, traditional markets that spill onto public thoroughfares, clogged drains, illegal parking along busy streets and other forms of disorderliness resulting from the state of over-population. Not to mention the city’s crime rate, which tends to increase year-on- year. Every time Jakarta voters chose their leader, they elect a candidate who they consider able to live up to their high expectations, which of course gives them false hope. Jakarta has turned into a megalopolis without enough resources to deal with its gigantic problems and challenges. What the founding fathers failed to anticipate when they chose Jakarta as the capital city was perhaps its evolution as the country’s commercial hub. About 60 percent of the nation’s money circulates in Jakarta, where foreign companies assign their representatives. Many countries have become aware of the problems in developing their capital city as both the center of government and the heart of economic activities. Then they have got to the point where relocating the capital city becomes unavoidable. Brazil did it in 1960 when it moved its capital from densely populated Rio de Janeiro to newly built Brasilia City, our Southeast Asian neighbors Malaysia and Myanmar moved their capitals to Putrajaya and Naypyidaw in 1999 and 2005 respectively. Indonesia moved its capital to Yogyakarta from January 1946 to December 1949 due to the war of independence. In that time Bukittinggi in West Sumatra also briefly served as the capital city when founding president Sukarno established an emergency government prior to his arrest by the Dutch between December 1948 and June 1949. Unless Jakarta takes drastic measures to shore up its increasing burden, Indonesia will have to consider an alternative capital. Sooner or later saying good-bye to Jakarta will no longer be a matter of choice, but of necessity. Commentary: The article tells us about the recent flood in Jakarta, which has brought huge impacts to the nation financial cycle. The flood was happened because many factors, but the most significant factor is because the lack maintenance of the flood controls system in Jakarta. The capacity of the drains has not been maintain to what level it should be. Therefore, due to heavy rain during the rain season the flood control system could not handle the pressure which resulting the massive flood in most of part the city. Public Good is defined as a good that is both non-excludable and non-rivalrous. Nonrivalrous; its consumption by one person does not reduce consumption by someone else; Non-excludable; it is not possible to exclude someone from using the good. Flood in Jakarta happened because the government has created a market failure since they have under provided the flood control system in Jakarta. The flood control system is an example of an environmental public goods: flood cont rol system, which nobody would provide on their own, even though everybody benefits from it being available. This suggests that since flood control system is a public good (because it is over consume, and underprovided based on what is needed for society) it clearly shows that it is an example of a market failure. Since the market fails to allocate resources to the production of the public goods it means that there are external costs. The article mentioned that the flood has resulted massive looses: over 15,0000 people were displaced and material losses from the city infrastructure, damage inflicted on personal property have reportedly reached Rp 20 trillion (US$ 2 billion). About 60 percent of the nation’s money circulates in Jakarta, where foreign companies assign their representatives; the flood has also interrupted the economic activities, as Jakarta is the â€Å"heart of economic activities† Through this tragedy there are different effect resulted. Seeing the disaster, we could clearly see the disadvantages. Most Jakartans living in flood-prone areas will probably answer mud or garbage after the flood, Citizen loss their property, illness such as fever and other water-borne diseases has also spread wildly.It means, there are external cost needed to recover houses and infrastructure as well as for the health care. In the other hand, other stakeholder got more benefit : trash picker and food seller on the street. Local news reported that the trash picker help to picked up motorcycle from one point to another; they got paid for Rp. 20.000/one way. The food seller on the street increases their income as there is increase in consumer,people were trying to see the flood from closed distance. Jakarta’s government must step in to ensure that flood control systems are produced at socially desirable levels. The flood control system should be provided up to the point where MB=MC so the flood would not be happen again and it would not interrupt the economic sector as well as creating disadvantage for the whole citizen. There are many ways to correct the market failure. Government could make an effective legislation to limit number of urbanization. As we know, Jakarta does not have an appropriate city planner. People build shift huts in the area where it is inappropriate such as the riverbanks. These people are not paying for the house tax since their house is also illegal. This will distort the city infrastructure and also decrease government revenue since they are not paying tax. Government could also do implication of direct provision in using economic criteria to determine which public goods and in what quantity of the public good should be produced. To make government direct provision to be happen, tax should be imply. With implying indirect tax government will increase the revenue which could be use for the spending on public goods, in this case is to increase the number the flood control system and maintain its quality. In long run, this issue will add another problem including the nation government and economic sectors. Based on the article, the President of Indonesia has stated there would be a probability of relocation of the capital. This will bring huge cost on all government, public services, and the whole economic activity within the country, unless the flood issue in being solved. Works Citied: â€Å"Editorial: Good-bye Jakarta.† Jakarta Post. N.p., 26 Jan. 2013. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. Tragakes, Ellie. â€Å"Market Failure.† Economics for the IB Diploma. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. 119+. Print.

Football Essay

Have a skilled team put to gather to match other local teams of similar age and skill. (Competitive) Team WorkHard training, weekly with all team members will ensure good team skills which are compulsory in winning any tournament. I will make sure I am fully committed in training and coaching my team. Leading them to become a successful football team.Personal experience Secondary research (spectating other) Internet (YouTube, blogs, football magazines). The planned date for this to be completed is at least 1 week before local football tournament starts. This will give the team members, time to rest before they play their first match. Win a trophy with my football Team. Being competitiveThis is the last step and also my final goal for this business plan. I will Make sure my team wins all of their matches by playing specifically according to the other team’s weaknesses. This will require a lot of patience and extra hours of training.BBC Sport /advise offers some quick tips about football My own experience and secondary research.This goal should be completed after the last match which will be 2 weeks before footballs season ends. List the skills And explain how they are helpful When they will be helpful And why they are helpful.